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CVE-2025-25291

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Date: March 12, 2025

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

Severity Score

Related Resources (18)

https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-25291
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519
https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25291.yml
https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25291
https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
https://www.mend.io/vulnerability-database/CVE-2025-25291

Severity Score

Weakness Type (CWE)

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

CWE-347

Interpretation Conflict

CWE-436

Top Fix

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Upgrade Version

Upgrade to version ruby-saml - 1.12.4;ruby-saml - 1.18.0

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CVSS v3.1

Base Score:
Attack Vector (AV): NETWORK
Attack Complexity (AC): LOW
Privileges Required (PR): NONE
User Interaction (UI): NONE
Scope (S): UNCHANGED
Confidentiality (C): HIGH
Integrity (I): HIGH
Availability (A): HIGH

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