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CVE-2025-59840
November 13, 2025
Vega is a visualization grammar, a declarative format for creating, saving, and sharing interactive visualization designs. In Vega prior to version 6.2.0, applications meeting 2 conditions are at risk of arbitrary JavaScript code execution, even if "safe mode" expressionInterpreter is used. They are vulnerable if they use "vega" in an application that attaches "vega" library and a "vega.View" instance similar to the Vega Editor to the global "window" and if they allow user-defined Vega "JSON" definitions (vs JSON that was is only provided through source code). Patches are available in the following Vega applications. If using the latest Vega line (6.x), upgrade to "vega" "6.2.0" / "vega-expression" "6.1.0" / "vega-interpreter" "2.2.1" (if using AST evaluator mode). If using Vega in a non-ESM environment, upgrade to "vega-expression" "5.2.1" / "1.2.1" (if using AST evaluator mode). Some workarounds are available. Do not attach "vega" View instances to global variables, and do not attach "vega" to the global window. These practices of attaching the vega library and View instances may be convenient for debugging, but should not be used in production or in any situation where vega/vega-lite definitions could be provided by untrusted parties.
Affected Packages
vega (CDN_JS):
Affected version(s) >=1.0.0 <6.2.0
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 6.2.0
vega-interpreter (NPM):
Affected version(s) >=1.0.0 <1.2.1
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 1.2.1
vega-interpreter (NPM):
Affected version(s) >=2.0.0 <2.2.1
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 2.2.1
vega-expression (NPM):
Affected version(s) >=1.0.0 <5.2.1
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 5.2.1
vega-expression (NPM):
Affected version(s) =6.0.0 <6.1.0
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 6.1.0
vega (NPM):
Affected version(s) >=1.0.0 <6.2.0
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 6.2.0
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CVSS v4
Base Score:
8.6
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Attack Requirements
NONE
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
PASSIVE
Vulnerable System Confidentiality
HIGH
Vulnerable System Integrity
HIGH
Vulnerable System Availability
NONE
Subsequent System Confidentiality
NONE
Subsequent System Integrity
NONE
Subsequent System Availability
NONE
CVSS v3
Base Score:
8.1
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
REQUIRED
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality
HIGH
Integrity
HIGH
Availability
NONE
Weakness Type (CWE)
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
EPSS
Base Score:
0.06