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CVE-2025-52884

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Date: June 24, 2025

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform, with Ethereum integration. The risc0-ethereum repository contains Solidity verifier contracts, Steel EVM view call library, and supporting code. Prior to versions 2.1.1 and 2.2.0, the "Steel.validateCommitment" Solidity library function will return "true" for a crafted commitment with a digest value of zero. This violates the semantics of "validateCommitment", as this does not commitment to a block that is in the current chain. Because the digest is zero, it does not correspond to any block and there exist no known openings. As a result, this commitment will never be produced by a correct zkVM guest using Steel and leveraging this bug to compromise the soundness of a program using Steel would require a separate bug or misuse of the Steel library, which is expected to be used to validate the root of state opening proofs. A fix has been released as part of "risc0-ethereum" 2.1.1 and 2.2.0. Users for the "Steel" Solidity library versions 2.1.0 or earlier should ensure they are using "Steel.validateCommitment" in tandem with zkVM proof verification of a Steel program, as shown in the ERC-20 counter example, and documentation. This is the correct usage of Steel, and users following this pattern are not at risk, and do not need to take action. Users not verifying a zkVM proof of a Steel program should update their application to do so, as this is incorrect usage of Steel.

Severity Score

Severity Score

Weakness Type (CWE)

Improper Handling of Invalid Use of Special Elements

CWE-159

Top Fix

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Upgrade to version risc0-ethereum-contracts - 2.1.1

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CVSS v3.1

Base Score:
Attack Vector (AV): NETWORK
Attack Complexity (AC): HIGH
Privileges Required (PR): NONE
User Interaction (UI): NONE
Scope (S): UNCHANGED
Confidentiality (C): NONE
Integrity (I): LOW
Availability (A): NONE

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