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CVE-2025-59419
October 15, 2025
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\r) and Line Feed (\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist.
Affected Packages
https://github.com/netty/netty.git (GITHUB):
Affected version(s) >=netty-4.2.0.Alpha1 <netty-4.2.7.Final
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version netty-4.2.7.Final
https://github.com/netty/netty.git (GITHUB):
Affected version(s) >=netty-3.2.4.Final <netty-4.1.128.Final
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version netty-4.1.128.Final
io.netty:netty-codec-smtp (JAVA):
Affected version(s) >=4.2.0.Alpha1 <4.2.7.Final
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 4.2.7.Final
io.netty:netty-codec-smtp (JAVA):
Affected version(s) >=4.1.0.CR7 <4.1.128.Final
Fix Suggestion:
Update to version 4.1.128.Final
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CVSS v4
Base Score:
5.5
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Attack Requirements
NONE
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Vulnerable System Confidentiality
NONE
Vulnerable System Integrity
LOW
Vulnerable System Availability
NONE
Subsequent System Confidentiality
NONE
Subsequent System Integrity
NONE
Subsequent System Availability
NONE
Exploit Maturity
POC
CVSS v3
Base Score:
5.3
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality
NONE
Integrity
LOW
Availability
NONE
Weakness Type (CWE)
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
EPSS
Base Score:
0.8