Action Pack is a Rubygem for building web applications on the Rails framework. In versions on the 8.1 branch prior to 8.1.2.1, the debug exceptions page does not properly escape exception messages. A carefully crafted exception message could inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript into the page, leading to XSS. This affects applications with detailed exception pages enabled ("config.consider_all_requests_local = true"), which is the default in development. Version 8.1.2.1 contains a patch.