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CVE-2025-46727

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Date: May 7, 2025

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14, "Rack::QueryParser" parses query strings and "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" bodies into Ruby data structures without imposing any limit on the number of parameters, allowing attackers to send requests with extremely large numbers of parameters. The vulnerability arises because "Rack::QueryParser" iterates over each "&"-separated key-value pair and adds it to a Hash without enforcing an upper bound on the total number of parameters. This allows an attacker to send a single request containing hundreds of thousands (or more) of parameters, which consumes excessive memory and CPU during parsing. An attacker can trigger denial of service by sending specifically crafted HTTP requests, which can cause memory exhaustion or pin CPU resources, stalling or crashing the Rack server. This results in full service disruption until the affected worker is restarted. Versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14 fix the issue. Some other mitigations are available. One may use middleware to enforce a maximum query string size or parameter count, or employ a reverse proxy (such as Nginx) to limit request sizes and reject oversized query strings or bodies. Limiting request body sizes and query string lengths at the web server or CDN level is an effective mitigation.

Severity Score

Severity Score

Weakness Type (CWE)

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CWE-400

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

CWE-770

Top Fix

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Upgrade Version

Upgrade to version rack - 2.2.14;rack - 3.0.16;rack - 3.1.14;https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v2.2.14;https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.0.16;https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.1.14

Learn More

CVSS v3.1

Base Score:
Attack Vector (AV): NETWORK
Attack Complexity (AC): LOW
Privileges Required (PR): NONE
User Interaction (UI): NONE
Scope (S): UNCHANGED
Confidentiality (C): NONE
Integrity (I): NONE
Availability (A): HIGH

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