MIME::Field::ParamVal versions before 5.521 for Perl do not flag a duplicate boundary parameter whose name contains a nested comment. A parameter written boundary((c))="A" or boundary())="A" is stored under that literal name rather than as boundary. A second boundary parameter is then not reported as a duplicate, and MIME::Parser splits the message on it. Readers that skip comments as RFC 5322 allows take the first boundary instead. A remote sender can hide an attachment from a filter that relies on ambiguous_content() while the recipient's mail client shows it.