Summary "StrictRolePermission" and "AuthorityCreatorPermission" in "lemur/auth/permissions.py" call "flask_principal.Permission.init()" with zero "Need"s when their config flags are unset. Both flags defaulted to "False" in code prior to the fix, so this was the state of any Lemur install that hadn't explicitly opted in. Flask-Principal's "Permission.allows()" returns "True" whenever "self.needs" is empty. The ".can()" gate therefore passes for every authenticated identity, including the lowest-privilege role Lemur ships ("read-only"). A user holding only "read-only" can create root Certificate Authorities, create and edit notifications (an SSRF sink), create domain entries, and upload arbitrary certificates. These classes are the sole authorization check on those endpoints. Root Cause lemur/auth/permissions.py class AuthorityCreatorPermission(Permission): def init(self): requires_admin = current_app.config.get("ADMIN_ONLY_AUTHORITY_CREATION", False) if requires_admin: super().init(RoleNeed("admin")) else: super().init() # empty Need set class StrictRolePermission(Permission): def init(self): strict_role_enforcement = current_app.config.get("LEMUR_STRICT_ROLE_ENFORCEMENT", False) if strict_role_enforcement: needs = [RoleNeed("admin"), RoleNeed("operator")] super().init(*needs) else: super().init() # empty Need set "flask_principal.Permission.allows()" (upstream, v0.4.0): def allows(self, identity): if self.needs and not self.needs.intersection(identity.provides): return False ... return True When "self.needs == set()", the first guard is falsy and is skipped. "excludes" is also empty, so "allows()" returns "True" for any identity. "AuthenticatedResource" (the parent class for these views) sets "method_decorators = [login_required]", which checks authentication only, no role. So the permission ".can()" is the only authorization layer in front of these endpoints. Affected Endpoints Views whose only authorization check is "StrictRolePermission().can()" or "AuthorityCreatorPermission().can()": | Method | Path | Source | |----------|-------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------| | POST | /api/1/authorities | lemur/authorities/views.py:231 | | POST | /api/1/certificates/upload | lemur/certificates/views.py:651 | | POST | /api/1/pending_certificates/<id>/upload | lemur/pending_certificates/views.py:545 | | POST | /api/1/notifications | lemur/notifications/views.py:227 | | PUT/DEL | /api/1/notifications/<id> | lemur/notifications/views.py:370,384 | | POST | /api/1/domains | lemur/domains/views.py:131 | "POST /api/1/authorities" is gated by "AuthorityCreatorPermission().can() and StrictRolePermission().can()"; both have empty Needs by default. The other rows are gated by "StrictRolePermission().can()" alone. Note on scope: "PUT /api/1/authorities/<id>" also references "StrictRolePermission", but its gate is "AuthorityPermission(...).can() and StrictRolePermission().can()". "AuthorityPermission" is constructed with non-empty Needs ("RoleNeed("admin")" plus authority-scoped needs), so that endpoint is not bypassable by a "read-only" user and is excluded from this report. Impact A user holding only the "read-only" role can: 1. Create root Certificate Authorities. CA cert and private key are persisted in Lemur's DB with the attacker as owner. Any internal trust store that pins Lemur-managed roots can now be signed against by the attacker. 2. Upload arbitrary certificates via "/certificates/upload", including attacker-supplied keys with destinations such as AWS push. 3. Create or modify notifications, which reach an SSRF sink (see related finding F3, Slack notification webhook). 4. Mark arbitrary domains as "sensitive", manipulating Lemur's domain registry and the cert-issuance approval path. Combined with any low-privilege credential leak (phished employee, leaked SSO token) or insider access, this is a pivot from "any authenticated identity" to control of the PKI issuance plane. Remediation The config flag defaults for "ADMIN_ONLY_AUTHORITY_CREATION" and "LEMUR_STRICT_ROLE_ENFORCEMENT" were changed from "False" to "True". Restrictive role enforcement is now active on all default installs without requiring explicit configuration. class AuthorityCreatorPermission(Permission): def init(self): requires_admin = current_app.config.get("ADMIN_ONLY_AUTHORITY_CREATION", True) ... class StrictRolePermission(Permission): def init(self): strict_role_enforcement = current_app.config.get("LEMUR_STRICT_ROLE_ENFORCEMENT", True) ... Note: The opt-out branches (empty Needs) remain in the code. Operators who explicitly set "ADMIN_ONLY_AUTHORITY_CREATION = False" or "LEMUR_STRICT_ROLE_ENFORCEMENT = False" in their config will reintroduce the bypass. These flags should be left unset or set to "True".